Sustainable development is a concept that refers to the use of natural resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Which of the following regions has a high population density but a low level of economic development? Raw materials are often made into more expensive goods or products in HICs, therefore boosting these economies instead, whilst LICs have to import these expensive goods, so economic growth remains low. There are several types of economies, including: So an economy is basically people that buy things from the people that make things. The natural resource curse theory, or the paradox of plenty, essentially describes how countries that have vast amounts of a particular resource, are doomed for poor development. Economic Sector (Business Services) - innovator or inventor. What a state's dollar can actually buy compared to another state's dollar; what a country is able to buy. fd.f. This is because healthcare is typically better, with more access to doctors, and investment into this sector is higher. In the 1950s, many countries became independent and removed their colonial ties. Wind energy: This type of energy is generated using wind turbines that convert the kinetic energy of the wind into electricity. Most fossil fuels, such as oil, natural gas and coal are considered nonrenewable resources in that their use is not sustainable because their formation takes billions of years. What are some consequences of uneven development? Environmental determinists believe that ecological, climatic, and geographical factors alone are responsible for human cultures and individual decisions . Refugees are people who are forced to leave their homes, often because it is unsafe to stay. Example: The GDP of the USA Human Development Index (HDI) Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY SECTION II Time1 hour and 15 minutes Percent of total score50 Directions: You have 1 hour and 15 minutes to answer all three of the following questions. Semi-periphery areas. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality developed by an Italian statistician. Development classifications are set forever. To help you organize your studies, we've provided concise summaries and key terms for each AP Human Geography unit. Neocolonialism is a term used to describe the continuing economic and political control of a country by a more powerful outside force, even after the formal end of colonialism. 438 0 obj <> endobj Review Session #1: AP Human Geography - Olympic High School PDF Student Performance Q&A - College Board the desire, ability, and willingness to buy a product, a. demand schedule While a nation and a state can overlap, they are not synonymous. (E) Analyze the impact of globalization on state sovereignty, providing at least one example of how globalization has affected the power of the state. Push factors are reasons why people want to move away from a country. It can provide opportunities to challenge oneself and to appreciate the natural beauty and adventure of different regions. refers to the level fo wealth, comfrot, mateial goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class or geographic area. I just directed ChatGPT to do the following: Create six free-response questions no stimulus modeled after the free-response question no stimulus found in the AP Human Geography Sample Exam located on page 167 of the AP Human Geography Course and Exam Description. AP Human Geography - 1 Name_____ Rubenstein's The Cultural Landscape Chapter 1: Thinking Geographically Introduction to Note Packets Reading the textbook and taking notes while reading are NECESSARY steps in processing and . This dependence has led to criticism that these countries are still being exploited and controlled by outside powers, despite the formal end of colonialism. An example of neocolonialism is the influence of the United States on the economies and governments of Latin American countries. Ecotourism is a type of tourism that focuses on experiencing natural areas while minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Development levels differ around the world. AP Human Geo - 6.11 Challenges of Urban Sustainability | Fiveable At December 31, 2016, the book value of the building was$28 million and its tax basis was $13 million. While India is the second most populous nation in the world, the rate of economic development is much lower compared to nations like the United States (third most populous nation), Japan (tenth most populous nation), and Australia. A way to measure the extent of sex inequality set up by the UN. 5) Maturity stage Maturity - Perfection? Answer: Two economic consequences of urbanization include increased job opportunities and increased income inequality. (A) Define the concept of a state and describe two characteristics of a state. Standard of living is the amount of wealth or goods that people have. Lets break down that statement. It is a frontier that is not formally part of a state, but the United Kingdom claims the area. Cities have wealthier people and a larger middle class in China and Japan, for example. endstream endobj startxref 2). #1-73: Read Chapter 1 (pg. Uneven development is a global issue. Sign up to highlight and take notes. This can be visible in Mumbai, where the super-rich and those who reside in slums live nearby each other. Some of the physical factors that can cause uneven development are based on climate, the production of raw materials, and country placement. Example: making clothes, The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment. the level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. Click on the map if you would like to enlarge it. It is recommended that you spend approximately one-third of your time (25 minutes) on each question. Possible Answers: PDF AP Human Geography It also references that an economy affects the supply and demand for goods and services. PDF AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY 2007 SCORING GUIDELINES - College Board There are several types of renewable energy technologies, including: Solar energy: This type of energy is generated from sunlight using photovoltaic cells or concentrated solar power systems. LICs typically only export one type of product, such as coffee, which can mean they become reliant on this. Answer: Sustainable development is a development model that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. What are some strategies that can help to close the development gap? The Sun Belt has historically been an attractive destination for migrants and retirees, and has also attracted businesses due to its lower labor and land costs. It contains a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. Market economy: A market economy is one in which the production and distribution of goods and services are determined by the laws of supply and demand in a free market. The differences in development across the world, and how development takes place at different speeds. However, most of the trade systems are controlled by HICs or Transnational Corporations (TNCs). This can occur due to the availability of natural resources, transportation infrastructure, and access to markets. Use ordinary interest at exact time to solve. For each value of d.fd . This can lead to debates around issues such as the rights of migrants, the role of borders in defining national identity, and the tension between national security and humanitarian concerns. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all. Therefore, if you see any glaring errors or omissions, and wish to give me a heads-up, I can be reached via email at ppaccone@smusd.us. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to promote language diversity and maintain linguistic heritage. One historical example of a factor that contributed to population growth is the Industrial Revolution, which led to improvements in public health and increased life expectancy, leading to a population boom. For example, the use of certain words or phrases can signal membership in a particular group and reinforce cultural ties. The total value of goods and services produced within the borders of a country during a specific time period, usually one year. Example: The HDI of India Students also viewed Ap Human Geography: Unit 2: Chapter 10 40 terms katebradley0 chem 21 terms Carolinek285 Also a blogger, keynote speaker, editor, podcast host, and conference presenter. For example: In Rostow's model uneven global development can be lessened, but in Wallerstein's model uneven global development is a basic characteristic of the world system. Newly Emerging Economies (NEEs) are countries that are seeing a rise in economic development or industrialisation. The SDGs, which are also known as the Global Goals, aim to create a more sustainable and equitable world for present and future generations. Biomass energy: This type of energy is generated using organic matter, such as wood, crops, and animal waste, as a fuel source. Uneven development results in differences in wealth across the world. F) Describe two ways in which urban planning can mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on communities. For example, life expectancy in the UK in 2019 was 81.20 years old. The effects of uneven development include wealth disparities, health disparities, and international migration. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. For example, as populations grow, more people may move to urban areas, leading to increased social isolation and changes in community dynamics. Coffee beans (the raw material) turn into coffee (the tradable product). Examples include the Great Wall of China, the Pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and the Mayan ruins in Mexico. Uneven development can result in differences in wealth, and access to healthcare. Coffee is the product. Be perfectly prepared on time with an individual plan. Usually poor. Where is a good example of tourism helping to close the development gap? This reduces the number of educated people in the home country. Country that has recently established an industrialized economy based on manufacturing and global trade. Quality of life is the level of access to things like health, comfort/leisure and feelings of safety. h. elastic demand. Historical causes can be exampled by colonialism. Answer: A sustainable city is a city that is designed to meet the needs of its residents while also protecting the environment and conserving resources for future generations. Let's take a look! Trade happens all over the world. answer choices Image 2 shows an innovation that occurred in the Second Agricultural Revolution, reducing the amount of labor needed and increasing crop yields. Answer: Two environmental consequences of urbanization are increased air pollution and loss of biodiversity. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. AP Human Geography : Uneven Levels of Development Provides loans to countries experiencing balance-of-payments problems that threaten expansion of international trade. %PDF-1.7 % Alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards. Are you interested to find out how wealthy your family is compared to the rest of the world? 2. Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes. Disease causes sickness (and death), meaning people cannot go to work. Most of the people in wealthy countries are employed in __________. If they are landlocked, there is no coastal access, blocking them off, and limiting opportunities for sea trade. an attempt to measure the quality of life or well-being of a country. G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of population growth and its consequences. Answer: Migration is often tied to political issues such as nationalism, citizenship, and border control, as governments may seek to regulate or limit migration flows. The polluter pays principle: This principle holds that those who generate pollution should bear the costs of preventing or mitigating it. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is how much money a country makes in a year from its products or services. Answer: Human capital refers to the knowledge, skills, and abilities of individuals that contribute to their productivity and economic success. Uneven development can be a direct cause of more people moving away from their home country. The middle countries (not LDC or MDC)- starting to industrialize. We can reduce uneven development by closing the development gap. An example of just-in-time delivery is a car manufacturer that receives parts from its suppliers as they are needed on the production line, rather than receiving large batches of parts in advance and storing them in a warehouse. g. Law of Demand E) Analyze the relationship between population growth and resource consumption, providing at least one example of how population growth can impact resource consumption patterns. The principle of common but differentiated responsibilities: This principle acknowledges that countries have different levels of development and capacity and therefore have different responsibilities in addressing global environmental problems. ( The last section of the core-periphery model). Development & Gender - Ms. Silvius's AP Human Geography It is where natural resources are located. Pull factors are the things that attract people to a new country. Lack of investment By the MDCs continues to keep these countries in poverty What are some of the challenges to closing the development gap? Research Guides: Human Geography: Economic geography AP Human Geography Chapter 9 Development Flashcards | Quizlet the number of live births per thousand of population per year. The back-wash effect refers to a phenomenon that has been observed on numerous occasions during the process of deindustrialization. One of the stages of growth model, helping in the understanding of the role of information systems, in an organization's strategy and its maturity. Uneven distribution of a natural resource, such as oil, can impact economic development as countries with access to the resource may become wealthier while countries without access may struggle to compete economically. They explore changes to places resulting from the growth or loss of industry and the role of industry in the world economy. 1. International migration can also make development worse; more educated people tend to leave LICs searching for better opportunities elsewhere. People in the poorest parts of the world are primarily engaged in _____________. It can also force people to leave a country. A contemporary pull factor for migration is the availability of job opportunities in a particular country. (Round per unit costs to three decimals, but inventory balances to the dollar.). No points are deducted for wrong or blank answers on the exam. how the standard of living differs between rich (HIC) and poor (LIC) countries. An example of population distribution is the fact that China's natural physical conditions resulted in uneven population distribution. Sustainable Development Goals The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity for all. It can take place in a variety of settings, such as wetlands, forests, and coastal areas, and can provide opportunities to learn about the behavior and ecology of different bird species. There are several key principles of sustainable development, including: Intergenerational equity: This principle refers to the idea that the needs of future generations should be considered when making decisions about the use of natural resources. Example: How many men and wowen die counted seperatly in the US. Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country. Example: This could happen in Nepal. People may be pulled to a HIC country, as there are more economic or educational opportunities. (G) Analyze the effectiveness of one policy or program designed to address the challenges of political geography. Answer: Gerrymandering is the process of manipulating the boundaries of electoral districts to benefit a particular political party or group. A. Answer: A nation refers to a group of people who share a common culture, history, and identity, while a state is a political entity with defined territorial boundaries and a permanent population. On January 1, 2013, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. Check out the examples below to find out more. Deindustrialization is the process of a region or country losing its industrial base and shifting towards a service-based economy. An example of an environmental justice issue related to resource distribution is the disproportionate exposure of low-income and minority communities to pollution and environmental hazards, such as in areas with high concentrations of polluting industries. Example: PPP between Mexico and the US, AP Human Geography Chapter 10 (Development) V, World History and Geography: Modern Times, Tennessee World History and Geography Modern Times. For example, urban areas often provide more job opportunities than rural areas, but income inequality may also be higher in urban areas. Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs) are countries which are becoming more industrialised, moving away from agricultural production toward manufacturing industries. Answer: Two environmental consequences of population growth include increased pollution and deforestation. PDF AP Human Geography Unit 1 - Thinking Geographically: Basic Concepts 488 0 obj <>stream Let's put everything into practice. This can involve measures such as limiting the number of visitors, using low-impact transportation, and supporting local conservation and development projects. Required: 1. Sustainable agriculture and food tourism: This type of ecotourism involves visiting farms, wineries, and other food and drink producers to learn about sustainable agriculture practices and to taste local produce. Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. Take a look at the Closing the Development Gap explanation for more on this topic. But why is this the case? Countries that have a colonial history have lower development levels today. A country that isn't very powerful, nor weak. Answer: One example of a policy designed to address resource distribution challenges is revenue sharing, where revenue from the extraction and sale of natural resources is shared between the government and local communities. Development is vastly uneven, with some countries being highly developed, while others suffer the consequences of low development. {|gbG]:$rQ*;589DU@)~?TyLo b\.z (Xzb;;c8{/@d!Z"t?SSnw*L.?Spm8SpO0R;/_v$dKllt34`4;ov+m} Human geography or anthropogeography is the branch of geography that studies spatial relationships between human communities, cultures, economies, and their interactions with the environment, examples of which is studied in schools are urban sprawl, urban redevelopment etc. Wealth disparities can result in large inequalities in standards of living, where some people have less access to safe water supplies, sufficient food, education, housing, security or even healthcare. Create and find flashcards in record time. B) Describe two social consequences of urbanization, providing an example of each. The precautionary principle: This principle states that when there is a risk of serious or irreversible harm to the environment or human health, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason to postpone measures to prevent that harm. Promote gender equality and empower women. *Schemes are not always appropriate and not always sustainable long term because of lack of local knowledge. Adventure tourism: This type of ecotourism involves participating in activities such as rafting, kayaking, and rock climbing in natural settings. The spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefit. (B) Explain the difference between a nation and a state. To be truly sustainable, ecotourism must be carefully planned and managed to ensure that the negative impacts on the environment and local communities are minimized. An example of agglomeration is the concentration of industries in a specific area or region. Review Session #1: AP Human Geography. 3) Takeoff stage - Introduction and rapid growth (industrial revolution) of manufacturing industries, better infrastructure, financial investment, and cultural change examples - uneven development - AP Human Geography - 9 Name_____ Connections: Diffusion Assimilation Acculturation . Core areas. During colonial times, resources and money would be taken from colonised countries, often for the benefit of the colonising country. Achieve universal primary education. Hydroelectric energy: This type of energy is generated using the movement of water to turn turbines and generate electricity. Answer: Language has been used to maintain or challenge power structures by shaping the ways in which people communicate and understand the world around them. There is often a huge gap between the very wealthy and the very poor, both in HICs and LICs. Answer: Urbanization is the process by which cities grow in size and number as more people move from rural areas to urban areas. Manufacturing employment in the U.S. has declined from around 25% of the total workforce in the 1950s to around 10% in recent years. transport network, money from farming, power supplies, communications Is areas that provide the majority of the resources for the industrial core. The goal of JIT is to reduce waste, improve efficiency, and lower costs by reducing the amount of inventory that a company needs to hold. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. What primarily separates the so-called fast world from the slow world? (NICs). the division of the world into major economic centers, centers of manufacturing, and extremely poor communities. b. demand Making items for profit. It can show countries that may have rising economies or those which are becoming more industrialised. Command economy: A command economy, also known as a planned economy, is one in which the government controls the production and distribution of goods and services. Materials that other things are made from. A development indicator is just data that helps show how developed a country is. In wealthy countries as much as three-quarters (in a few cases close to a hundred percent) of the population is engaged in tertiary and quaternary economic activities. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as cultural attitudes towards family planning, access to healthcare, and government support. The effectiveness of such programs may depend on factors such as community involvement, funding, and support from government and educational institutions. One example of how globalization has affected the power of the state is the growth of supranational organizations like the European Union, which have the power to override certain decisions made by individual member states. This results in uneven development globally. Our population is just about to hit 8 billion. *Schemes are appropriate and sustainable long-term. Coastal and marine areas: These are areas along the coast or in the ocean that are rich in biodiversity and provide opportunities for ecotourism activities such as snorkeling, diving, and whale watching. 3) Control stage - Management now gains control over the technology's resources by implementing formal control processes and standards that stifle almost all new projects. Economic growth is vital for understanding development as a whole. Examples: lawyers, scientific companies, etc. (A) Define the concept of the multinational state. AP Human Geography Unit 7: Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes March 15, 2023 With so much information to learn and retain as you study for the AP Human Geography Exam, it's important to review effectively.
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