But because these collisions always produce matter and antimatter in precisely equal amounts, the universe should, if the Big Bang model were correct, have exactly equal amounts of matter and antimatter. A city entirely? We acknowledge Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the First Australians and Traditional Custodians of the lands where we live, learn, and work. nuclear physics - Would a matter-antimatter explosion cause fallout Given how difficult it is to make antimatter, this is probably the only way could do so using antimatter within the next 100 years. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Was Aristarchus the first to propose heliocentrism? achieving the specified result. This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. Antimatter weapon - Wikipedia The opposite to Worldbuilding: World Destruction, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? You have to give Big Bang scientists credit for their tenacity. And yes, bizarrely, energy can become the mass of matter and vice versa. This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. What about antimatter bombs? | New Scientist Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. Upon an explosive detonation, a shock wave originates and compresses the air, causing an abrupt increase in pressure. This is generally ignoring the radiation effect of all the gamma rays, that might change the maths. "So this is by far the most energetic process that you can think of.". In 1996, the Mars Global Surveyor took 11 months to arrive at Mars. There is no antimatter left in the Universe from the Big Bangthat we're aware of, he says. Antimatter - Wikipedia If those are still fairly small numbers, how big would the Enterprise D exploding really be? 2 kg of $E=mc^2 = 1.79 \times 10^{17} J$. Antimatter is just like normal matter, except that some of its properties are opposite that of normal matter. I have no idea how to get that in an antimatter bomb, because of the fizzle problem noted above. Although submission of USGS form 9-4040-A is not mandatory, IME recommends that applicable mining operations submit the form to keep U.S. antiproliferation authorities informed. The antimatter we produce collides with matter and gets annihilated without us even noticing. Both antimatter and matter were created after the big bang, and the universe should be made up of 50% matter, and 50% antimatter. The OP wanted it all in one bomb, so I told him his bomb must release at least that much energy. What actually happens when an anti-matter projectile collides with matter? Small TNT explosions, especially in the open, don't tend to burn the carbon-particle and hydrocarbon products of the explosion. This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. "In the case of a chemical reaction, you're transforming only about a millionth of the mass of the object of the molecule into energy,"Professor Doser says. The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation. So each 2 kg antimatter bomb (as it annihilates with 1kg ordinary matter) would have a blast similar to the Tsar Bomba, the most powerful nuclear device ever detonated in the puny humans' history. This wave leads to an abrupt increase in pressure. "We actually expect that the whole Universe since there was lots of energy around at the moment of the Big Bang should consist of equal amounts of matter and antimatter," Professor Doser says. Antimatter is one of the costliest materials in the world. Estimated mass-energy of the observable universe. [2], The "megaton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 petajoules (4.1841015J). "If we don't find a difference between matter and antimatter, then that's going to be the only remaining explanation," Professor Doser says. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003: 88. Number 3 just a really big bang deep down. Did you get it? To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. At the moment of the Big Bang, all the energy of the Universe was concentrated and exploded. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? The energy contained in one megaton of TNT (4.2PJ) is enough to power the average American household for 103,000 years. "The best explanation that we have found up to now is to say that there's a slight difference in the properties of particles and antiparticles,"Professor Doser says. So, what's their working theory as to why our evil antimatter twins didn't just cancel everything out, long ago? Using the convention that 1 kiloton TNT equivalent = 4.1841012 joules (or one trillion calories of energy), one half gram of antimatter reacting with one half gram of ordinary matter (one gram total) results in 21.5 kilotons-equivalent of energy (the same as the atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki in 1945). Why do you say "pure gamma"? This worksheet uses the property of energy called the heat of combustion or heat of explosion and is expressed in units of kilocalories per gram. As we learned in real estate, location, location, location. Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. And that means no particles would remain to eventually become people, stars, and galaxies. I think this is a very conservative answer in that it is very certain to get the job done. Speed it up enormously 3. The explosive energy of a quantity of TNT of the. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. The bottle is called a trap because thats what it does, it traps antimatter. What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. This is not the first time Big Bang thinking has led to the conclusion that the universe shouldnt exist. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. any large scale destruction of a city, with non antimatter device, on earth of a nuclear ready country would trigger mutually assured destruction, in what is estimated to be a thousand times over. If antimatter makes contact with air it will cause an explosion. By converting all their mass into energy, you're getting more bang for your buck with an antimatter explosion. Shock waves [5], Antimatter-catalyzed nuclear pulse propulsion proposes the use of antimatter as a "trigger"[6] to initiate small nuclear explosions; the explosions provide thrust to a spacecraft. But whenever this happens when loads of energy gets concentrated and turned into the mass of matter antimatter isborn too. Converts antimatter to energy in joules. The human body also releases antimatter. This law states that two identical explosives produce similar blast waves but have different sizes, given the conditions, geometry, and scaled distances are identical. $3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1} * 200K=7.31310^{20} kJ$. The total power of aluminized mixtures strictly depends on the condition of explosions. Antimatter are difficult to create and much less to contain. At least when you think in other literature, something that could fit in your hand could destroy literally an entire country. If you have an absurdly large fireball it will tend to spread more upwards (less pressure, longer mean-free path) and send a big plasma cloud up - bad from an electromagnetic pulse, ozone layer and IR energy igniting stuff perspective. Even on larger time scales, creating enough anti-matter to destroy the earth will still be very difficult without invoking the drop a rock strategy. Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets What could humans do to render the earth uninhabitable? radiation - Antimatter bomb - Physics Stack Exchange But antimatter is incredibly scarce, and scientists still dont know why. Both humans and bananas only produce a tiny amount of antimatter, which is why we havent all been destroyed. Catch up with The Loop, Jock Zonfrillo remembered as an 'incredible chef' and influential member of Australia's culinary landscape, 'Until we meet in heaven': Maryborough community comes to grips with triple fatality as loved ones remembered, Perfect storm brewing for housing market and it could make buying your own home a pipedream, Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower, Clare desperately wanted to stop drinking but she couldn't make it stick. in high school, I've been fascinated by the idea that Antimatter is pretty explosive. The storage rings on the spacecraft will hold the antimatter. "Kiloton" redirects here. Antimatter weapons would be the most destructive and powerful in human history, so why dont they exist? When a collision between a particle and its opposing antiparticle collide, both of them are annihilated which causes a massive release of energy, otherwise known as an explosion. Most of the mass is antiprotons, which can annihilate with protons or neutrons, leading to $e^{\pm}$, $\gamma$, and mesons. The basic principleis that so much energy is concentrated at a single point that it creates mass the mass of matter. When the antimatter starts reacting antiprotons and positrons will be kicked away, mixing with the air. After a bit of number crunching that means agram of antiprotonantimatter would cost an absurd 5 quadrillion euros. What Is Antimatter? | Wonderopolis If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. But say I had 1 Antimatter Electron, and I just opened a container in a room, what would happen? 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius - isgho-sup.com Why is matter-antimatter asymmetry surprising, if asymmetry can be generated by a random walk in which particles go into black holes? Remove a chunk from a planet? By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. It uses a magnet to keep antimatter on the inside from interacting with the walls of the trap and exploding. The term "TNT equivalence" is a normalization technique for equating properties of an explosive to TNT, the standard. Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1kg of TNT. The antimatter bomb is something any country rich enough could potentially make but its so expensive no country has put in the effort. $> 10^{32}J$. How Antimatter Spacecraft Will Work | HowStuffWorks Cookie Notice For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphus one of these objects However for only $600,000 you could fit a 10 millionth of a gram of antimatter into a snipers bullet. Can antimatter projectiles work as disintegration weapons? and our Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The RE factor is the relative mass of TNT to which an explosive is equivalent: The greater the RE, the more powerful the explosive. The energy output that would be released by a typical, The approximate radiated surface energy released in a magnitude 8, The complete conversion of 1kg of matter into pure energy would yield. The Truth about Angels, Demons and Antimatter | Live Science Explosive Yield of a Photon Torpedo. - ST-v-SW.Net One in every million collisions creates a proton-antiproton pair. If the Big Bang led to equal parts matter and antimatter forming, these probably would have then bumped into each other, obliterated one another, and then presumably exploded again. 7g divided 7 bn ways would equate to about the equivalent of 40 grams of TNT per person, something like a small hand grenade each. The height of the fireball was over seven times the height of Everest. ", "Beirut Blast: How does yield of 2,750 tonnes of ammonium nitrate compare against Halifax explosion, Hiroshima bombing? Big Bang scientists have long claimed that some unknown physics somehow allowed a slightly greater amount of primordial normal matter to be produced, and this leftover normal matter eventually became the material stuff of the universe. It seems like 2, 200kg antimatter bombs, in short succession, dropped into the Yellowstone Caldera would be fairly certain to ignite a life ending volcanic eruption saving a trillion tons of antimatter, more or less. There's not really any point translating that to Australian dollars because it's absurd either way. Such an asteroid would boil away the oceans and transform the atmosphere into one of steam and molten rock." An antimatter weapon is a theoretically possible device using antimatter as a power source, a propellant, or an explosive for a weapon. Scientists have trouble finding antimatter however it can be created for a hefty price. Blast Radius Calculator Then her family intervened, Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, A year ago, this Australian couple fled Ukraine with their three cats. [1], The paramount advantage of such a theoretical weapon is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the energy release of the most efficient fusion weapons (100% vs 0.4-1%). 1 gram of antimatter explosion radius. But I don't know how to calculate that. 3.5 nanograms of antimatter would equal the amount of explosive in an average hand grenade with about an effective 15m blast/shrapnel radius. The scaling law is a convenient way to estimate the properties of a large explosion using the data from smaller explosions. Did the Golden Gate Bridge 'flatten' under the weight of 300,000 people in 1987? One of the scariest things about the antimatter bomb is that the effects of it arent as long lasting as a nuclear bomb. The shock wave is usually spherical or hemispherical in shape. This calculator and the accompanying article will explain what explosion radius is and how to calculate blast radius. In John Barnes' excellent Thousand Cultures series, the ultimate nasty weapon is the teleportation of antimatter into the atmosphere as a very fine dust spread over a large volume. But case 2 deserves a better answer after all anti-matter is not cheap and they are always out of stock at Home Depot. Given that 1 ton is equal to 2240 pounds or 1016.046909 kg we should be able to scale up the explosive yield simply. How does that last equation (rolled back for the time being; see revision history) work out? In all honesty you can probably get away with less because the force of the explosion will likely kill many humans. When a bit of matter comes into contact with its evil antimatter twin, they cancel each other out, releasing all the energy stored inside them. Interaction with the blast wave can cause severe injuries (see injury severity score calculator) depending on the stand-off distance. The question you linked is about the different ways to destroy a planet, not about the amount of antimatter needed to perform the 3 tasks in my question. Similarly, you can estimate the blast radius for c4 explosives too. To study antimatter, you must prevent it from being annihilated . The positrons will meet electrons and produce 0.511 MeV gammas, but the protons meeting antiprotons will initially have a quark annihilate an antiquark, producing a gluon that then gets involved in messy hadronization leaving a bunch of mesons (pions and kaons) that then careen away and decay into muons, electrons/positrons, gammas, and neutrinos. Also your question only speaks about blowing up a planet completely, whereas my questions number 1 and 2 only speak about killing all humans and all animals respectively which is very different (your question very clearly states near the end "I dont just want to destroy all life on the surface, I want to reduce the entire planet to rubble so that very little remains"). In other words, beyond this distance, one can assume there would be fewer or no fragments flying. For a fragmenting munition where public access is possible, the TNT explosion radius, DDD, is: This distance is different for the bare explosives. If the number of Short Tons is larger than 300, you should submit USGS form 9-4040-A. 2 * (mass of earth) * c^2 And the answer is $1.0735089\times10^{42}$ J (joules) Wolfram Alpha gave the following helpful equivalency: $( \frac{1}{93} )\times$ energy released from a supernova $(\approx 1\times 10 . It basically all reacts at once release an enormous amount if IR -- enough to melt any rock within sight -- followed by a blast wave. Ten things you might not know about antimatter The stand-off distance is: The Hopkinson-Cranz equation is useful for estimating safety distances for explosives. ", "La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago", "The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted? Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? The solar irradiance of the Sun every 12 hours. The relative differences between two explosives with shaped charges will be even greater. All of the other answers here are super overkill for this. Surely you remember Einstein's famous E = Mc2. Can we add matter and antimatter to the universe? Why 1.810 14 joules? Note It is convention to use ton compared to short ton, net ton American or tonne (1000 kilogrammes.) Generating points along line with specifying the origin of point generation in QGIS. Different types of antimatter require different types of traps. The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a, The solar constant of the sun is 1370 watts per square meter and Earth has a cross-sectional surface area of, 2022 Hunga TongaHunga Haapai volcanic eruption, total energy produced worldwide by all nuclear testing and combat, "Tons (Explosives) to Gigajoules Conversion Calculator", "Joules to Megatons Conversion Calculator", Blast effects of external explosions (Section 4.8. The blast radius follows Hopkinson-Cranz Law which states that identical explosives with the same geometry but different sizes and distances will produce self-similar blast waves in the same atmosphere. (Some say that this was adapted into the show based on people who knew Miguel Alcubierre and they put his unpunished theories into the show, but I don't think this was ever confirmed), But there are volumes of Star Trek Tech manuals that base other things "kind of" around science, or at least attempt to, like the Heisenberg Compensation in the Transporters. This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. Safety, Health & Environmental Affairs Committee, Transportation, Distribution & Security Committee. Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? The ablative engine, which slowly vaporizes itself to produce thrust, could go as high as 5,000 seconds. This result is only bizarre for someone who has a prior commitment to the Big Bang model. In order to reach the core we would have to send it 4,000 miles down. Anti Matter Energy Calculator. A blast wave unleashes a large amount of energy that causes changes in pressure and temperature along its path. There is no nuclear bomb that comes close to the power this bomb would have. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. I was planning on adding more to this response, but I think Serban covered it as well as I can for numbers #1 and #2. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. A much smaller amount embedded near the heart could of course kill you but the grenade-sized amount insures fairly well you won't survive--particularly if it is applied all at once directly to the body. We know from the show that they use Deuterium and Anti-Deuterium, so not a "complex" element compared to say, using Uranium and Anti-Uranium. A kiloton of TNT can be visualized as a cube of TNT 8.46 metres (27.8ft) on a side. Would a kilogram of antimatter be equal to a 500kg bomb of conventional Heavy Exosives? The previous answer covered the bases fairly well for options 1 and 3. It only takes a minute to sign up. For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1kg of TNT, then based on octanitrocubane's RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. But why do so many Christians still claim that God used the Big Bang to create the universe, especially when this scientifically bankrupt speculation contradicts the Genesis creation account in so many ways?5 The Big Bang is, and always has been, unsupported speculation.
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